Treaties Recognition Week: Understanding wampum belts and treaties

02 November 2023 - by YMCA of Greater Toronto

"Treaties are not about giving rights to Indigenous Peoples, but rather, they are about recognizing and affirming the rights that Indigenous Peoples already have." – Chief Wilton Littlechild

As we step into Treaties Recognition Week — November 5–11, 2023 — it's important to understand that this week isn't just a formality; it's a call to action. It reminds us of our collective responsibility to respect, honour, and uphold the sacred agreements made with Indigenous Peoples.

Wampum belts

Treaties were part of Turtle Island's history long before European contact. For example, the Haudenosaunee nations, including Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk, had treaties among them, and the Hiawatha belt — a type of wampum belt— served as a powerful symbol of their unity. In its design, a central tree represents a peace treaty. From this symbolism, the phrase "bury the hatchet" originated with burying weapons and embracing peace.

Wampum belts are more than physical artifacts; they're living documents. Crafted from rare shells collected from the Eastern Seaboard, they signify the profound respect and significance of these agreements. They also aid the memory when telling stories to future generations. The colours used — white and blue or dark purple — convey deeper meanings. White symbolizes times of peace, and blue represents moments of conflict, especially in serious or political matters.

Wampum belts represent the essence of equal partnerships. They're often referred to as chains because they bind multiple parties in agreement and alliance. An essential part of these agreements is the commitment to gather periodically to ensure mutual benefit, a process known as polishing the chain or renewing the relationship. Wampum belts serve as a dynamic medium for preserving stories, forging agreements, and fostering understanding. Resistant to the elements, these portable artifacts have passed from generation to generation intact.

The importance of understanding treaties and their impact

Learning about treaties isn't just a history lesson; it's a crucial step in addressing the historical injustices that continue to affect Indigenous communities. It's an essential part of the path toward reconciliation and healing. When we listen to the voices of Indigenous community members, we gain a richer understanding of the cultural significance of these agreements.

A call to action

Treaties Recognition Week in Ontario is a compelling reminder that each of us has a role in the ongoing journey of reconciliation. When we acknowledge the importance of treaties, listen to the voices of Indigenous relations, and actively engage in the discourse, we're building a foundation for a more equitable and united future. We hope you will engage with the resources below this week and year-round.

Explore more on the topic of treaties

Wampum Belts

The Dish with One Spoon

Covenant Chain Wampum

Current Land Negotiations

Actions

150 Acts of Reconciliation

Events

Twice Colonized: Film Screening in Ajax (November 10)

Treaties Recognition Week/International Inuit Day: Virtual event from the Law Society of Ontario (November 7)

Weesageechak Begins to Dance: Festival with in-person and online presentations (November 6–19)

Renewing Our Treaty Relationships: Robinson Huron Waawiindamaagewin Treaties Week virtual events (November 8–9)